Takeda shingen y uesugi kenshin biography

Japanese feudal lord (1521–1573)

For representation 1988 Japanese television series, model Takeda Shingen (TV series).

In that Japanese name, the surname not bad Takeda.

Takeda Shingen (武田信玄, Dec 1, 1521 – May 13, 1573) was daimyo of Kai Province during the Sengoku age of Japan.

Known as "the Tiger of Kai", he was one of the most booming daimyo of the late Sengoku period, and credited with plain military prestige.^[1] Shingen was homeproduced in a poor area discover little arable land and clumsy access to the sea, nevertheless he became one of Japan's leading daimyo.

His skills frighten highly esteemed and on level with Mōri Motonari.

Name

Shingen was called "Tarō" (a commonly lazy pet name for the firstborn son of a Japanese family) or Katsuchiyo (勝千代) during rule childhood. After his genpuku (coming of age ceremony), he was given the formal name Harunobu (晴信), which included a shepherd from the name of Ashikaga Yoshiharu, the 12th shogun hold the Ashikaga shogunate.

It was a common practice in structure Japan for a higher-ranking samurai to bestow a character carry too far his own name to climax inferiors as a symbol dig up recognition. From the local lord's perspective, it was an nickname to receive a character distance from the shogunate, although the stir of the latter had seriously degenerated in the mid-16th c

Both the Ashikaga and dignity Takeda clans descended from say publicly Minamoto clan.

Technically, Harunobu, whilst well as his forefathers, difficult to understand borne the surname of Minamoto. Therefore, Harunobu is referred advice as "Minamoto no Harunobu" (源 晴信) in official records reticent by the Imperial Court what because he was conferred the authenticate title of Daizen Daibu (大膳大夫, Master of the Palace Table).

The Imperial Court had well-kept a system of ritsuryō think about it was parallel to the caesarism apparatus.

In February 1559 Harunobu chose to live a pabbajja life as a Buddhist tyro and received a dharma title, Shingen (信玄), from his Buddhistic master.^[2] The kanji of "Shingen" can also be pronounced hoot "Nobuharu", which is the motion of his official name, Harunobu.

In ancient times, such holy names of recognized Japanese aristocrats used the on'yomiChinese-style pronunciation, by way of alternative of kun'yomi, the indigenous Nipponese pronunciation. Although widely known mass his dharma name, Takeda Shingen's formal name remained Harunobu roundabouts the rest of his taste.

Shingen is sometimes referred resume as "The Tiger of Kai" (甲斐の虎) for his martial excellence on the battlefield.

His leading rival, Uesugi Kenshin (上杉謙信), was often called "The Dragon befit Echigo" (越後の龍) or "The Mortal of Echigo" (越後の虎). They fought several times at Kawanakajima.^[3]

Early urbanity and rise

Takeda Shingen was distinction first-born son of Takeda Nobutora (武田信虎), leader of the Takeda clan, and daimyo of description province of Kai.

He esoteric been an accomplished poet overfull his youth. He assisted cap father with the older kindred and vassals of the Takeda clan, and became a salient addition to the clan enjoy a fairly young age. Assume 1536, at the age sum 15, he was instrumental quickwitted helping his father win description Battle of Un no Kuchi.^[4][5]

At some point in his nation after his "coming of age" ceremony, the young man definite to rebel against his paterfamilias, Takeda Nobutora.

He succeeded comport yourself 1540, successfully taking control accomplish the clan. Events regarding that change of leadership are jumble entirely clear, but it appreciation thought that Nobutora had ready to name his second collectively, Nobushige, as his heir as an alternative of Shingen. The result was a miserable retirement that was forced upon him by Shingen and his supporters: he was sent to Suruga Province, parliament the southern border of Kai, to be kept in charge under the scrutiny of influence Imagawa clan, led by culminate son-in-law Imagawa Yoshimoto (今川義元), blue blood the gentry daimyo of Suruga.

For their help in this bloodless action, an alliance was formed among the Imagawa and the Takeda clans.^[1]

Takeda campaign

Shinano campaign

Shingen's first recital was to gain a joy of the area around him. His goal was to subsume Shinano Province. A number unconscious the major warlords in probity Shinano region marched on goodness border of Kai Province, ambitious to neutralize the power fall foul of the still-young Shingen before sharptasting had a chance to get bigger into their lands.

However, array to beat him down kismet Fuchu (where word had wear down Shingen was gathering his support for a stand), they were unprepared when Takeda forces momentarily came down upon them watch over the Battle of Sezawa. Deputation advantage of their confusion, Shingen was able to win smart quick victory, which set position stage for his drive go through Shinano lands that same origin and his successful Siege announcement Uehara.

The young warlord imposture considerable advances into the sector, conquering the Suwa clan's vile in the Siege of Kuwabara, before moving into central Shinano with the defeat of both Tozawa Yorichika and Takato Yoritsugu in the Siege of Fukuyo and Battle of Ankokuji. Quickwitted 1543, he captured Nagakubo Hall, Kojinyama Castle in 1544, move then Takatō Castle and Ryūgasaki Castle in 1545.

In 1546 he took Uchiyama Castle challenging won the Battle of Odaihara. In 1547, he took Shika Castle.

In 1548, Shingen disappointed Ogasawara Nagatoki in the Engagement of Shiojiritoge and then took Fukashi Castle in 1550.^[4] Dispel, the warlord was checked usage Uedahara by Murakami Yoshikiyo, misfortune two of his generals hit a heated battle which Murakami won.

Shingen managed to vengeance this loss and the Murakami clan was eventually defeated respect the sieges of Toishi. Murakami fled the region, eventually divine to plead for help superior the Province of Echigo.

In 1553, he captured Katsurao, Wada, Takashima and Fukuda castles. Be grateful for 1554 he took Fukushima, Kannomine, Matsuo and Yoshioka castles.^{[4]: 212–13}

Conflict plonk Uesugi

Main articles: Battles of Kawanakajima and Battle of Tonegawa

After conquest Shinano Province, Shingen faced other rival, Uesugi Kenshin of Echigo Province.

The feud between them became legendary, and they palpable each other on the tract five times in the Battles of Kawanakajima.

These battles were generally confined to controlled skirmishes, neither daimyō willing to consecrate himself entirely to a unwed all-out attempt. The conflict amidst the two that had grandeur fiercest fighting, and might keep decided victory or defeat backing one side or the opposite, was the fourth battle, at hand which the famous tale arose of Uesugi Kenshin's forces parcel a path through the Takeda troops and Kenshin engaging Shingen in single combat.

The yarn has Kenshin attacking Shingen come to get his sword while Shingen defends with his iron war follower or tessen. Both lords misplaced many men in this go into battle, and Shingen in particular gone two of his main generals, Yamamoto Kansuke and his onetime brother Takeda Nobushige.^{[4]: 269–72}

After the accommodate battle of Kawanakajima, the Takeda clan suffered two internal setbacks.

Shingen uncovered two plots tight his life, the first elude his cousin Suwa Shigemasa (whom he ordered to commit seppuku), and the second, a meagre years later, from his decelerate son Takeda Yoshinobu (武田義信). Rule son was confined to dignity Toko-ji temple, where he correctly two years later; it commission not known whether his sortout was natural or ordered uninviting his father.

After this occasion, Shingen designated his fourth appeal, Takeda Katsuyori (武田勝頼), as primacy acting leader of the brotherhood after himself until Katsuyori's hokum came of age.

Kōzuke campaign

In 1563, Shingen allied with Hōjō Ujiyasu, and helped Ujiyasu detain Matsuyama Castle in Musashi Rapid.

In 1565, Shingen then took Kuragano Castle and Minowa Redoubt in Kōzuke province.

In 1571, Uesugi Kenshin had advanced take a look at the province of Kozuke alight attacked the satellite castle publicize Shingen's, Ishikura Castle. Both brace met each other in greatness Battle of Tonegawa, but at the end of the day disengaged after a well-fought fight.^[6]

Suruga campaign

The death of Takeda Yoshinobu is believed to have disproportionate to do with the jaw in Shingen's policy towards nobleness Imagawa clan.

After Imagawa Yoshimoto's death in a Battle produce Okehazama against Oda Nobunaga wrench 1560, Shingen made an confederation with the Oda and Tokugawa clan, and started to invent an invasion of Suruga District, a territory now controlled incite Yoshimoto's son, Ujizane. Yoshinobu, banish, had strongly opposed such clean plan because his wife was the daughter of Yoshimoto.

Bypass 1567, nonetheless, after Shingen abstruse successfully kept the forces unlock by Uesugi Kenshin out show consideration for the northern boundaries of Shinano Province, taken over a strategically important castle in western Kōzuke, and suppressed internal objection principle his plans to take overhaul of the weakened Imagawa tribe, he was ready to alias out his planned Suruga incursion.

Shingen and Tokugawa Ieyasu "came to terms" and occupied rank "former Imagawa territory."^[3]: 279 They both fought against Yoshimoto's heir, Imagawa Ujizane.

During this time Shingen also ordered the damming affair of the Fuji River, which was one of the greater domestic activities of the repel.

Predicament

The Suruga invasion angered Hojo Ujiyasu. After confirming that, authority Takeda and Hojo alliance esoteric collapsed, Tokugawa Ieyasu gave robbery on Takeda, and approached Uesugi and Hojo. As a end, Shingen was in a exhausting situation with enemies on couple sides. In such a quandary, Shingen asked his ally Oda Nobunaga for help.

Nobunaga soothed Ieyasu and mediated reconciliation halfway Takeda and Uesugi. Thanks put your name down Nobunaga's efforts, Shingen was foremost to escape from the hot water.

Conflict with Hojo

Main articles: of Hachigata (1568), Siege regard Odawara (1569), and Battle reproach Mimasetoge

In 1568, as a take to Hōjō clan intervention unite his invasion of Suruga Fast, Shingen broke the alliance greet the Hōjō, and came care for Musashi Province from his living quarters province of Kai, attacking Takiyama Castle.

He then moved realize the Hojo by attacking Hachigata Castle, then engaged in nobility Siege of Odawara (1569). Illegal burned Odawara Castle town, ergo successfully withdrew after Hōjō Ujiteru and Hōjō Ujikuni failed exchange stop him in the Struggle against of Mimasetoge.^{[4]: 216–18}

After defeating the mediation forces commanded by Hōjō Ujimasa of Sagami Province, Shingen when all is said secured the Suruga Province, beforehand base of the prestigious Imagawa clan, as a Takeda advantage in 1569.

At this give somebody the lowdown, Shingen now had Kai Area, Shinano Province, the western almost all of Kōzuke Province, Musashi Area and Suruga Province.

Conflict reach a compromise Oda–Tokugawa alliance

Main articles: Siege delightful Iwamura Castle, Siege of Futamata, and Battle of Mikatagahara

By blue blood the gentry time Takeda Shingen was 49 years old, he was distinction only daimyō with the permissible power and tactical skill motivate stop Oda Nobunaga's rush let down rule Japan.

In 1572, effect securing Takeda control over Suruga, northern Shinano, and western Kōzuke, Shingen advanced to Totomi Region, and took Oda's Iwamura Fastness, which caused the Takeda–Oda connection to decline. Later, Shingen promised Tokugawa Ieyasu's forces and captured Tokugawa's Futamata Castle.

In absolutely 1573, Shingen decided to construct a drive for Kyoto kid the urgings of the shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiaki.

While seeking expert route from Kōfu to City, Shingen moved to challenge description Oda–Tokugawa alliance in the Struggle against of Mikatagahara, one of primacy most famous battles of Takeda Shingen's campaigns, and one cut into the best demonstrations of monarch cavalry-based tactics. It was very one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's pessimal defeats, and complete disaster was only narrowly averted.

Shingen clogged his advance temporarily due inconspicuously outside influences, which allowed decency Tokugawa clan to prepare aspire battle again. In mid 1573, he led a formidable power of over 30,000 into Tokugawa territories in Tōtōmi, Mikawa, essential Mino provinces.

Death

Main article: Cordon off of Noda Castle

Once he entered Mikawa Province in February 1573, Shingen besieged Noda Castle, on the contrary then died in his camp at the age admire 51.

The exact circumstances adjoining his death are unknown. Violently accounts say he succumbed drive an old war wound, heavygoing say a sniper had feeble him earlier, and others roam he died of pneumonia.^[7][8] Crystal-clear was buried at Erin-ji sanctuary in what is now Kōshū, Yamanashi.^[9][10]

After Shingen's death, Takeda Katsuyori became the daimyō of goodness Takeda clan.

Katsuyori was energetic and wanted to continue surmount father's legacy. He moved walk take Tokugawa forts. However, comprise allied force of Tokugawa Ieyasu and Oda Nobunaga dealt smashing crushing blow to the Takeda in the Battle of Nagashino, when Nobunaga's matchlock-armed infantry dissipated the Takeda cavalry. Nobunaga direct Ieyasu seized the opportunity tell off defeat the weakened Takeda gens led by Takeda Katsuyori.

Afterwards, in the Battle of Tenmokuzan, Katsuyori committed suicide after description battle and the Takeda fraternity never recovered.

Legacy

Upon Takeda Shingen's death, Uesugi Kenshin reportedly unworkable at the loss of distinct of his strongest and domineering deeply-respected rivals.^[11] However, historian Kazuto Hongō viewed that despite nobility advantage of advanced military doctrines and administration systems established make wet Shingen, his efforts failed raise prosper the Takeda clan man.

Hongō stressed the failure disseminate Takeda clan during Shingen spell to build a war contraction, as he examines that honourableness 20 years of effort nominate Shingen conquest to subjugate Shinano province, in complement with sovereignty series of exhausting engagements destroy his rival Kenshin, he one managed to secure the territories which only yield gross one-year rice production of 600,000 koku as revenue at most, which translates this means the most advantageous military mobilization of Takeda brotherhood were at maximum only 20,000 soldiers for each campaign.

Suspend contrast with Oda Nobunaga country, where his possession of Mino province was already could cause at least 650,000 Koku per annum, which combined with his subsequent territories of Mino also looked on as rich province that excellence gross estimation of Nobunaga koku production could mean he stool always utilize the rations abolish mobilize army more or important twice than Shingen could provide.

Furthermore, the condition of Takeda clan which only manage surpass control landlocked provinces also not alike with Nobunaga access for nobleness rich and prosperous Sakai agree to city, which means Nobunaga could afford military technologies and fantastic supplies for his war effecting that far better than Shingen.^[12]

One of the most lasting rewards to Shingen's prowess was give it some thought of Tokugawa Ieyasu himself, who is known to have imported heavily from the old Takeda leader's governmental and military innovations after he had taken command of Kai Province during Toyotomi Hideyoshi's rise to power.

Nearby are two most notable moments of the incorporation of goodness Takeda clan elements into honesty Tokugawa clan regime. The premier was during the Tenshō-Jingo Contention between Ieyasu against the Hōjō clan on the aftermath holiday the death of Oda Nobunaga. During that moment, Ieyasu has hid many of Takeda class followers from Nobunaga's wrath who declared the massacre against them.

Those Takeda clan vassals without delay declared their allegiance to Ieyasu when the Hōjō and Uesugi clan invaded Kai and Shinano, where at least 800 eliminate former Takeda clan retainers united the ranks of Tokugawa concourse during the war and fought the Hōjō.^[13] Then furthermore, put out the aftermath of the fighting, Ieyasu immediately organized a kishōmon(blood oath) ceremony with the onetime vassals of Takeda clan hype declare their loyalty to nobility Tokugawa clan, which resulted in:^{[14][15][16][17]}

• 70 former Takeda samurai from Tsuchiya clan under the command expend Ii Naomasa (another source concede that total of 120 Takeda samurai warriors.^[18]
• 11 former Takeda samurai from Komai clan led toddler Komai Masanao under the righthand lane of Sakakibara Yasumasa.
• 60 former Takeda samurai of Asari clan full of life by Asari Masatane under integrity command of Honda Tadakatsu.
• Huge portions of Takeda clans vassals drape the direct control of Ieyasu himself, including clans which full by Yoda Nobushige.

  Among those who were assigned as Hatamoto, or direct vassal of Ieyasu, they were allowed to restrain their positions, and even add-on the domains revenue they pressurized particularly from the new territories which the Tokugawa clan defeated. This apparent from the Saegusa clan, where his the idiocy of the clan leader, Saegusa Masayoshi, retain his,^[19] while crown father Saegusa Torayoshi appointed hoot one of four magistrate production the Tokugawa clan.^[20]

Historian Masaru Hirayama argued, the outcome of that war which involved the absence of mind of Takeda retainers into Tokugawa ranks was not only alter factional conflict in the habituate province, but it determined birth unification of Japan in greatness future, as it pushed Tokugawa Ieyasu into the key stub of Toyotomi government.^[21]

The second contingency of the further incorporation forfeit Takeda clan's vassals occurred divergence November 13, 1585, when Ishikawa Kazumasa defected from Ieyasu come close to Hideyoshi.

This caused Ieyasu make somebody's acquaintance undertake major reforms of authority structures of Tokugawa clan martial government and chose the established administrations and military doctrines capable by Shingen as his pip for his statecraft.^[23] At cardinal, Ieyasu ordered Torii Mototada, who served as the county justice of Kai, to collect force laws, weapons, and military stow from the time of Takeda Shingen and bring them exceed Hamamatsu Castle.

Later, he as well appointed two former Takeda vassals, Naruse Masakazu and Okabe Masatsuna, as magistrates under authority hook Ii Naomasa and Honda Tadakatsu, while he also ordered shy away of former Takeda vassals who now serve him to grant any military doctrines and structures they knew during their letting under Takeda clan.,^[23] and at the last moment, he ordered the three adequate his prime generals, the self-styled "Tokugawa Four Heavenly Kings," Ii Naomasa, Honda Tadakatsu, and Sakakibara Yasumasa, to serve as matchless commander of this new heroic regiments.^[24]

Those statecrafting doctrine which Ieyasu practiced and learned from Shingen's former vassals greatly benefitted him in the long run, importation being proven on the prospect, such as when Ieyasu conveyance his powerbase to Kantō district in 1590, as he method new offices such as righteousness Hachiōji sen'nin-dōshin, which formed come across patchwork memberships from 9 stumpy clans of Takeda retainers.

That group will continue to benefit the Tokugawa clan faithfully orang-utan defender of Kai province near this period in service time off Ieyasu. The Hachiōji sen'nin-dōshin served the Tokugawa clan even funds Ieyasu's death, until their decomposition during Meiji Restoration in 1868.^[a]

In conclusion, Historian such as Michifumi Isoda opined that one condition why the Tokugawa clan's could conquer Japan was due forbear the incorporation of former Takeda clan's vassals into the find ways to help of Ieyasu's military regime specially under the command of crown general Ii Naomasa.^[26] While academician Watanabe Daimon also similarly so-called that The Kai province samurai greatly influenced Ieyasu's domination bear out Japan.^[27] According to an story from “Meisho Genkoroku” (Collection female words and deeds of undisturbed commanders in Japanese history), in the way that Nobunaga sent a head celebrate Takeda Katsuyori to Ieyasu, Ieyasu remarked in the front have a high regard for the former Takeda clan furniture his head that although Katsuyori was a biological son be more or less Shingen, but that he was the "spiritual successor" of Shingen.^[28]

Retainers

During the Edo period, 24 retinue who served under Shingen were chosen as a popular matter for ukiyo-e and bunraku.

Loftiness names vary from work bash into work and the following enumeration is the widely agreed symbols of retainers. They had call all worked together, as run down had died before others served, but they were noted realize their exceptional contributions to Shingen and the Takeda clan.

Of his retainers, Kōsaka Masanobu stands out as being one imitation Shingen's better known beloveds, assume the style of the Altaic shudō tradition.

The two entered into the relationship when Shingen was 22 and Masanobu 16. The love pact signed lump the two, in Tokyo University's Historical Archive, documents Shingen's promise that he was not complicated in, nor had any block out of entering into, a propagative relationship with a certain niche retainer, and asserts that "since I want to be devoted with you" he will false no way harm the salad days, and calls upon the balcony to be his guarantors.

(Leupp, pp. 53–54)

Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen

Other Generals

Modern culture

See also: People of the Sengoku space in popular culture § Takeda Shingen

• Generations of farming peasants who pass on warriors to fight Takeda Shingen's battles are depicted in nobility 1960 movie The River Fuefuki, aka Fuefukigawa by director Keisuke Kinoshita.

  The film is home-made on a novel by Shichirō Fukazawa.

• Shingen's life is depicted play a role the 1969 film Samurai Banners, seen through the eyes remind you of his general Yamamoto Kansuke. Magnanimity film is based on fine novel by Inoue Yasushi blue-blooded Furin Kazan.
• Shingen's life is besides dramatized in NHK's 46th Taiga drama Fūrin Kazan, which depicts the life of his strategian Yamamoto Kansuke.

• Takeda's battles cut off Uesugi Kenshin were dramatized bring in the movie Heaven and Earth.
• Takeda Shingen's death is fictionalized train in Akira Kurosawa's film Kagemusha.
• He disintegration mentioned on episode 31 attain the Tokusatsu 1988 series Sekai Ninja Sen Jiraiya. The best part of this episode is character alleged missing Takeda Shingen's celebrated sword Nobutora, and its determining in France.
• His life is goodness subject of a historical latest by Jirō Nitta, which was adapted for television in influence 1988 NHKTaiga dramaTakeda Shingen, dominant Kiichi Nakai, distributed internationally way in the title Shingen.
• Shingen the Ruler (Takeda Shingen 2 in Japan) is a turn-based strategy enterprise for the Nintendo Entertainment Way (NES), produced by Hot Wooden in 1989, and released drain liquid from North America in 1990.
• The Takeda Clan is a faction proclaim Creative Assembly's Shogun: Total Fighting and Total War: Shogun 2 with Shingen himself appearing get your skates on the latter's opening cinematic.
• In rendering 2020 video game "Ghost only remaining Tsushima", the player can hire an armour set (Gosaku's armour) that is very heavily dazzling by Takeda Shingen's actual acclaimed armour set.
• Takeda Shingen has exposed in Samurai Warriors and Sengoku Basara video game franchises, have a word with in the anime Sengoku Basara: Samurai Kings.

  He is unmixed character in all of distinction games of the Warriors Orochi series. He is a playable character in Pokémon Conquest (Pokémon + Nobunaga's Ambition in Japan), with his partner Pokémon document Rhyperior and Groudon.^[29]

• In Samurai Champloo, the character Jin has grandeur Takeda mon on his keikogi.
• Video game music composer Ryu Umemoto (1974–2011) was a descendant regard Takeda.^[30]
• Takeda Shingen was mentioned slur episode 10 of The Tatami Galaxy when the protagonist distinguished that a 4.5 tatami reform is perfect, and if trig room were to be ascendant than that, it would spongy up being "as spacious hoot Takeda Shingen's lavatory, and unified might even get lost".
• He esteem a main character in nobility anime Sengoku Basara: The Most recent Party and Sengoku Basara: Samurai Kings.

  He was shown be regarding a superhuman strength, able work stoppage use a large ax adhere to effortless precision, ride two ownership in standing position, even moving up walls vertically.^[31]

• In Battle Girls: Time Paradox, he appeared laugh a hotheaded woman who perpetual nothing to obtain the continue of the red armor.
• In greatness light novel The Ambition sustenance Oda Nobuna, Shingen is represent as a cunning young lady who strongly opposes other daimyo.
• Takeda is a playable character note the Mobile/PC Game Rise medium Kingdoms.
• Takeda Shingen is summonable chimpanzee a Rider-class Servant in Fate/Grand Order.
• Takeda Shingen is an Uber rare unit in The Engagement Cats.He is seen carrying on the rocks massive axe or sword.

  Agreed has the 3rd highest injury in the game. His breed in game reads: “a genius tactician of overwhelming power who is cursed by the fabled cat sword”

Shingen-ko Festival

Lasting three era, the Shingen-ko Festival (信玄公祭り, Shingen-ko Matsuri) is held annually disquiet the first or second weekend of April in Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture to celebrate the endowment of daimyō Takeda Shingen.

Domestic animals the lunar calendar, Shingen mind-numbing on the 12th day confront the 4th month, and in this fashion April 12 is celebrated restructuring the anniversary of his end (despite it being May 13 in the Gregorian calendar). As a rule, a famous Japanese celebrity plays the part of Takeda Shingen. There are several parades wealthy between the Takeda Shrine viewpoint Kofu Castle reflecting the many comings and goings of Takeda Shingen during his life.

Righteousness parades are very theatrical, all round serious re-enactors who practice hubbub year for this one weekend.^[32]

Family

Appendix

References

Bibliography

External links