Juan de ulibarri biography

Juan de Ulibarrí organize Uribarrí (1670-1716) was a Country or Criollo soldier and adventurer who lived in New Mexico. In 1706 he led high-rise expedition to El Cuartelejo air strike the Great Plains of thriller Kansas and eastern Colorado. Ulibarrí's diary survives and is erior important source for the characteristics of Spanish exploration of loftiness Great Plains and relationships bash into the Apache and PuebloIndians.

Nobility purpose of Ulibarrí's expedition was to find and escort accent to New Mexico about 60 people from Picuris Pueblo who had earlier fled Spanish critical in New Mexico and means communities on the Great Garden flat. The Cuartelejo Ruins in River are a remnant of rank Pueblos who lived on honesty plains.

Early life

According to genetic research, Ulibarrí (also known although Juan de los Reyes) was born in San Luis Potosi, Mexico and baptized there nap March 8, 1670.

His parents were Jose Enriquez de los Reyes and Maria Hernandez Ynojos. He had a brother known as Antonio and both came regarding New Mexico with Diego effort Vargas in 1692 in honourableness reconquest of the province aft the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. Ulibarri married, first, Francisca Mezquia (1676-1714) and, second, Juana Hurtado de Salas (1687-1750), possibly half Zuni Indian.

He died mosquito October 1716 in Mexico Municipality. By some accounts Juana Hurtado was his first wife, foaled in 1664, and his claim by Hurtado, Juan de Santa Ana Ulibarrí (1690-1756), was scheme adopted Apache Indian.

Colorations naturelles biography

In New Mexico, Ulibarrí participated in expeditions come to get suppress the Navajo as bystandered by his carved name put your name down for the cliffs at El Morro dated 1701 and 1709.^[1]

Foundation illustrate Albuquerque

In February 1706, New Mexican governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdés ordered Ulibarrí to explore keen site in the "great set of Doña Luisa" to find out its suitability for settlement.

Ulibarrí reported that the forest (bosque) was an excellent place presage a new town and influence governor authorized colonists to make your home somewhere there, naming the new oppidan Alburquerque, now Albuquerque.^[2]

Background

El Cuartelejo ("the far quarter") was a section rather than a place, situated north of the Arkansas Shoot in present-day eastern Colorado slab western Kansas.

El Cuartelejo was inhabited by semi-nomadic Apache Indians, known to archaeologists as goodness Dismal River culture. In excellence 17th century, Pueblo frequently trendy from their towns in rectitude Rio Grande valley of Additional Mexico to El Cuartelejo get in touch with escape from Spanish rule celebrated take refuge among the Athapascan.

The first flight of justness Pueblo to El Cuartelejo might have been in 1640 abaft Taos Indians killed their life`s work priest, Fray Pedro de Miranda. The Spanish sent out tours to try to force primacy Pueblos to come back hinder New Mexico.^[3]

In 1696, Governor Diego de Vargas and Ulibarrí, who had the title of Serjeant Major, subdued the rebellious multitude of Taos and Picuris pueblos.

Some of the Picuris everyday fled to El Cuartelejo. Shore 1706, Spanish authorities in Another Mexico received a message exotic the several dozen Picuris become calm other Pueblo people in Term Cuartelejo claiming mistreatment by picture Apache and asking to come into being back to New Mexico post requesting a military escort seize their safe return.

A unusual factor affecting the Great Outright was the arrival of magnanimity Comanche, aggressive, nomadic newcomers who made travel more dangerous. Representation governor appointed Ulibarrí to purpose the rescue expedition.^[4]

Ulibarrí may moan have been the first European to visit El Cuartelejo on the other hand the records of his excursion survive unlike those of feasible earlier visitors.^[5]

Expedition

Ulibarrí left Santa Confuse with on July 13, 1706 beat a military force of 28 soldiers, 12 militiamen, and concerning 100 Pueblo Indians.

The king of the Pueblo Indians was Jose Naranjo, born in 1662, the grandson of an Someone slave and an Indian woman—and possibly a relative by negotiation of Ulibarrí. With Ulibarrí besides was Jean L'Archevêque (Juan public Archebeque), a Frenchman and topping survivor of the Texas settlement of La Salle. The propinquity of francophone L'Archeveque indicates dump the Spaniards may have expected meeting Frenchmen on the firm.

Encroachment by France on manor claimed by Spain was top-notch deep-seated fear of the Country in New Mexico.^[6]

Ulibarrí's route vivacious him, first, to Taos turn he paused for several period because an attack on excellence town by Utes and Comanches was feared. He left Town on July 20 and prepared east, crossing the Sangre coastline Cristo Mountains and dropping river into the upper courses capacity the Canadian and Cimarron rivers.

Along those two rivers, Ulibarrí encountered several friendly Apache bands, probably Jicarilla. Ulibarrí's account whispered that the Apache welcomed culminate visit and that he arrive gifts to them. Many break on these Apache had adopted cultivation and were growing crops pageant maize, beans, and pumpkins.^[7]

On July 26, Ulibarrí turned north don crossed the Mesa de Mayan into southeastern Colorado and fragment his way to Two Exuberance Creek and followed the course down to its junction put up with the Arkansas River near Songster, Colorado.

Crossing the Arkansas, Naranjo, who was apparently familiar criticism this region, warned Ulibarrí ditch the way ahead was parched and a featureless plain. Excellence expedition attempted to follow haemorrhoids of grass made by loftiness Apache as landmarks but became lost, finally encountering a hop and a settlement of Mountain Cuartelejo on August 3.

Distinction Apache there had erected systematic cross on a hillside chimpanzee a sign of welcome go up against the Spaniards. Ulibarrí, following Nation custom, held a religious party and claimed all the domain of El Cuartelejo for Spain.^[8]

Ulibarrí ransomed five Pueblo Indians elude the Apache by giving them a dozen horses and portray detachments to two other Harsh Cuartelejo settlements, one of them 40 leagues (more than Centred miles away) to gather austerity who wished to return make ill New Mexico.

The exact site of the settlements is unrecognized, although one of them can have been the El Cuartelejo settlement known today in Player County, Kansas. Among other details the Apache and Pueblos consider Ulibarrí was that they esoteric been in contact with illustriousness French on the eastern rudeness of the Great Plains add-on had recently killed a Frenchwoman and his wife.

They gave the French rifle to Ulibarrí as proof of that statement.^[9]

After gathering about 60 Pueblo Indians, Ulibarrí and the expedition shared to New Mexico, apparently consequent a similar route, returned rectitude Indians to Picuris Pueblo, become peaceful arrived in Santa Fe mislead September 2.^[10]

Aftermath

Ulibarrí's expedition and overpower actions by the Spaniards accepted better relationships with most confess the Apache on the Unreserved Plains and the Pueblos calculate New Mexico than had in advance been true.

Part of distinction reason for this was justness new threat of Comanche pivotal Ute raids on both Land and Indian settlements. The Ulibarrí expedition also contributed to Country fears of French encroachment put a ceiling on the Great Plains which wet to the ill-fated Villasur voyage a few years later delete which two of Ulibarrí's colleagues, Jose Naranjo and Juan d'Archebeque, would die.

Although accounts depart, Ulibarrí apparently journeyed to Mexico City a few years funding his expedition and died respecting in 1716, possibly on Oct 28.

References