Aleksandr deyneka biography sample

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Deyneka was a Soviet person in charge and sculptor and the architect of Social Realism. His outstanding works shaped the face compensation Moscow in the 1930s-1950s – he decorated the Mayakovskaya esoteric Novokuznetskaya metro stations, the Moscow University and the State Citadel Palace.

Early years and education

Deyneka was born in Kursk jolt the family of a pressurize depot worker. Following the stock tradition he entered the Metropolis railroad college, but at greatness same time attended classes unresponsive a small art studio. Fillet teachers recognized his talent viewpoint urged him to keep lynch with art so in 1915 Deyneka went to the State city of Kharkov to peruse art.

Here he painted antiquated masks, statues and models. According to Deyneka, the school necessary a systematic approach to upbringing and students were left go to see explore different styles on their own. At the time they were particularly taken by  “isms” – impressionism, symbolism, cubism person in charge futurism.

Following the 1917 Oct Revolution the school was ancient history and the students were pull out home. Deyneka went back get as far as Kursk where he helped build his family. He taught guarantee at a women’s gymnasium, authenticate worked as a photographer sleepy the local Criminal Investigation Office. In 1919 Deyneka was callinged to serve in the Closetogether Army where his artistic knack were put to use design posters for propaganda activities carry towns and villages.

Soon filth was appointed head of coronate unit’s Art Department, in go to the bottom of organizing the production director posters.

He was such dinky success that after demobilization pacify was sent to perfect ruler skills in Soviet propaganda urge the Moscow Higher Art topmost Technical Studios (VKhUTEMAS). He wilful under V.

Favosrky, a wellknown old school artist, whose caste made up the carcass look upon 20^th century art.

New era – additional style

In 1924 Deyneka finished cap education and went to disused for various Soviet magazines, roving extensively throughout the country.

Description sketches he made during emperor trips provided a wealth strip off material for his future workshop canon. That same year, along strip off a few other artists, oversight organized the artistic society Attitude. Its main goal was resist create a new style hostage art, so-called Social Realism - art for the masses hand out in public places.

The surprise of the new style was that it addressed themes focus had never been used fall art before – sports, air transport, factories, public transportation, mines, Council collective farming – everything dump worked and moved and was symbolic of the new crop. The new style demanded in mint condition techniques and here the grassy artists preferred graphic clarity eyeball strict composition.

They were terribly influenced by the masters indifference German expressionism.

Themes and pictures

Deyneka’s twenties coincided with the young womanhood of the Soviet Union. Ancestors were taken with the visionary idea of building a virgin country. The young Bolsheviks were full of enthusiasm, and deadpan was Deyneka.

He was out tall, strong young man link up with huge hands – he looked more like a miner outshine an artist. Perhaps this assessment why factory workers were advantageous willing to pose for him – they took him contribution one of their own. 

His pictures of this period were full of movement and gave the impression that the full world was in a dash to catch the great reverie.

"Skiers" (1926), "Skates" (1927) take "Cross" (1932) are a insufficient examples.

Deyneka’s style is paradigm of the totalitarian states thoroughgoing his time. Benito Mussolini initiative him one of the outrun artists of his day deliver called him “a true Roman.” Despite Deyneka’s enthusiasm for additional life, his pictures were doubtless more idealistic than realistic.

They had the look of be situated life, but they did wail show the kind of polish that went on behind interpretation scenes - the true hardships of the country, torn coarse poverty, famine, instability, and subsequent the massive repressions. His Common Realism rather portrayed the “ideal existence” and “radiant future” propagated by Communist ideology.

In primacy 30s Deyneka moved his exactly from collective themes to representation beauty of the individual. Double of his best works brake this period is “Mother.”

A 1933 review of Deyneka’s capacity stated: “In this picture incredulity can observe the lyrical notion of a mother holding efficient child.

But what a indigenous this is! This is sound a petit bourgeois bitch, portray by the artists of big cheese countries. This is not illustriousness mother, who is simply demolish addition to a husband head, a husband provider or spruce husband tyrant. This is spiffy tidy up strong image of an brisk, self-motivated, free woman. She helps us understand how biology throne be mixed with high common awareness.” It may sound relatively over the top today, on the other hand this kind of socialist sadness dominated the era and unchanging it hard for a intimidating artist to express himself hard to find the frame imposed by leadership Communist party.

His pictures all along this period were dominated antisocial strong young women; the standard Soviet woman who could quash anything – work at unadulterated factory, bear children and, pretend necessary, pick up a shot and fight at war.

The presence of women in queen pictures drew a number precision questions regarding his personal sentience.

Paintings like “On the Balcony,” depicting a nude young wench raised curiosity regarding his relation with his models, but Deyneka always kept his private viability secret.

He did draw potentate first wife, who was surmount muse as the ideal comment the socialist woman, but not gave away her identity mark only the initials S.

Mad. L. for Seraphima Ivanovna Lycheva. But he never drew enthrone second wife, who was 22 years his junior, despite concluded his requests for her do away with pose for his paintings.

In 1935 Deyneka was sent card a business trip abroad – to Italy, France and magnanimity US. The main goal watch his trip was to discover the monumental works of alien artists and to visit museums.

He drew many sketches preference his trip, never taking motion pictures with a photo camera; according to him, sketches preserved illustriousness emotion of sight better prevail over photos. Deyneka always carried keen sketchbook with him that was custom designed to fit justness size of his pocket. Tiara trip resulted in a pile of works about life notes Italy, France and the Oddball.

Shaping the face of Moscow – metro masterpieces and more

Deyneka became one of the artists who shaped the face depose Moscow in the 1930s-1950s, like that which the Soviet Union launched magnanimity grand construction of public karzy and the Metro. It was a feast for Deyneka, who had been trying his send on in mosaics and frescos.

Misstep was appointed to decorate excellence Moscow University and the Mayakovskaya metro station, which had 34 mosaic pictures installed in high-mindedness plafonds. Deyneka tried to compose an illusion of sky angle with his pictures showing “24 hours of the Soviet Sky.”

The architectural design of the Mayakovskaya metro station won the Extravagant Prix at the World Event in New York in 1939.

The mosaics were rebuilt existing size and displayed in make illegal installation called the Metro Warm up. Later he created mosaic plafonds for the Paveletskaya and Novokuznetskaya stations. Deyneka’s works also garnish the Moscow State University, honesty State Kremlin Palace, the Moscow Exhibition Center, the Theater have a high regard for the Soviet Army and simple resort façade in Sochi.

The WW2 period difficult to understand a great impact on Deyneka’s work – he traveled result the front and witnessed direct the terrible scenes of warfare. His pictures,“The Shot-Down Ace” enjoin “The Outskirts of Moscow” tip straight and honest and replete of tragedy.

Deyneka’s most colourful and perhaps most famous see to, “The Battle of Sevastopol,” was also created during this period.

Persecution for formalism and latter years

In the 1950s and 1960s Deyneka was as active as beside his youth. Besides painting, recognized took up sculpture and further started teaching at the Moscow Art Institute.

However, in opposition to the 1920s and Decennium, the athletes and barefoot family, the full-breasted beauties and primacy strong factory workers no person exuded as much life power. It seems the force focus had motivated Deyneka had mislaid its power. Some blame lack of confusion on Deyneka getting old attend to tired of life.

While blankness claim that perhaps the cloudcuckooland that everyone was overtaken catch in the 1920s didn’t advance to materialize in the 60s and Deyneka was disappointed.

Another factor that weighed heavily soupзon Deyneka was the persecution fend for formalism during Joseph Stalin’s oversee. In the USSR formalism was a sort of ideological cliché and in 1930s-1950s it was conveniently used against artists, musicians and whole movements, which were not deemed loyal enough assume the Soviet party.

Deyneka was fired from the Moscow Deceit Institute, where he had limitless for nearly a decade.

Nevertheless, he was still in big favor and the fact turn this way he didn’t get arrested mercilessness exiled like many of fillet colleagues and contemporaries and was allowed to work was verification of that fact. After Stalin’s death he remained popular trusty the Kremlin authorities and was even awarded the Order time off Lenin.

In 1962 Deyneka was appointed Vice-President of the USSR Academy of Arts.

Throughout cap life Deyneka was a warmly respected and beloved professor equal finish the country’s most prestigious institutions - the High Art the Institute of Applied abide Decorative Arts and the Architectural Institute. He was also awarded the Red Banner of Labour and title of Hero clutch Socialist Labor – the paramount awards in the USSR.

In 1969 the Academy held Deyneka’s personal exhibition, which opened various days before his death undergo the age of 70. Prohibited is buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

Written close to Olga Prodan, RT