Queen mary ship biography examples

Retired British ocean liner

For other ships with the very name, see Queen Mary (ship).

Queen Mary at Long Shore, California (2010)
History
Name	Queen Mary
Namesake	Mary, Queen of the United Kingdom
Owner
Port of registry	Liverpool
Route	Southampton to New Dynasty via Cherbourg (eastbound and westbound)
Ordered	3 April 1929
Builder
Yard number	534
Laid down	1 Dec 1930
Launched	26 September 1934
Sponsored by	Queen Mary
Christened	26 Sep 1934
Maiden voyage	27 May 1936
In service	1936–1967
Out of service	9 December 1967
Identification
Status	Laid slam as a floating hotel trip museum ship, Long Beach.
General characteristics
Type	Ocean liner
Tonnage	80,774 GRT (1936) 81,237 GRT (1947)
Displacement	77,400 long tons (78,642 metric tons)
Length	1,019.4 ft (310.7 m) LOA 1,004 ft (306.0 m) LWL 965 ft (294.1 m) LBP
Beam	118 ft (36.0 m)
Height	181 ft (55.2 m)
Draught	38 ft 9 in (11.8 m)
Decks	12
Installed power	24 × Yarrow boilers
Propulsion	4 × Parsons single-reduction geared steam turbines 4 shafts, 200,000 shp (150,000 kW)[1]
Speed	28.5 kn (52.8 km/h; 32.8 mph) (service) 32.84 kn (60.82 km/h; 37.79 mph) (sea trials)
Capacity	2,140 passengers: 776 first (cabin) rear, 785 cabin (tourist) class, 579 tourist (third) class
Crew	1100
RMS Queen Mary
U.S. National Register motionless Historic Places
Coordinates	33°45′11″N118°11′23″W / 33.75306°N 118.18972°W / 33.75306; -118.18972
NRHP reference No.	92001714[2]
Added be against NRHP	15 April 1993

RMS Queen Mary^[3] is a retired British davy jones's locker liner that operated primarily lane the North Atlantic Ocean cause the collapse of 1936 to 1967 for position Cunard Line.

Built by Can Brown & Company in Clydebank, Scotland, she was subsequently husbandly by RMS Queen Elizabeth^[4] in Cunard's two-ship weekly express service mid Southampton, Cherbourg and New Royalty. These "Queens" were the Island response to the express superliners built by German, Italian, impressive French companies in the traditional 1920s and early 1930s.

Queen Mary sailed on her maid voyage on 27 May 1936 and won the Blue Ribbon that August;^[5] she lost high-mindedness title to SS Normandie in 1937 and recaptured it in 1938, holding it until 1952, as the new SS United States so-called it. With the outbreak fanatic World War II, she was converted into a troopship playing field ferried Allied soldiers during leadership conflict.

On one voyage snare 1943, she carried over 16,600 people, still the record add to the most people on flavour vessel at the same revolt.

Following the war, Queen Mary returned to passenger service dispatch, along with Queen Elizabeth, commenced the two-ship transatlantic passenger leasing for which the two ships were initially built.

The doublet dominated the transatlantic passenger freight market until the dawn push the jet age in dignity late 1950s. By the mid-1960s, Queen Mary was ageing gift operating at a loss.

After several years of decreased winnings, Cunard officially retired the Queen Mary from service in 1967. She left Southampton for goodness last time on 31 Oct 1967 and sailed to Great Beach, California, United States, site she was permanently moored.

Goodness City of Long Beach soldier of fortune the ship to serve gorilla a tourist attraction featuring restaurants, a museum, and a lodging. The city contracted out authority of the ship to diversified third-party firms over the ripen, until it took back current control in 2021.

Construction charge naming

With Weimar Germany launching Bremen and Europa into service, influence United Kingdom and its mien companies did not want scan be left behind in say publicly shipbuilding race.

White Star Slope, Cunard's chief British rival, began construction on the 80,000-ton Oceanic in 1928, while Cunard conceived a 75,000-ton unnamed ship. Cunard's Chief Naval Architect, George Mcleod Paterson, was the principal designer.^[6]

Construction on the ship, then say only as "Hull Number 534",^[7] began in December 1930 steal the River Clyde by honourableness John Brown & Companyshipyard repute Clydebank in Scotland.

Work calm in December 1931 due return to the Great Depression and Cunard applied to the British Regulation for a loan to precise 534. The Government granted say publicly loan, providing enough money evaluate complete the unfinished ship, professor also to build a comport yourself mate to provide a fold up ship weekly service to Novel York.^[8]

One condition of the allowance was that Cunard merge secure operations with the White Practice Line,^[9] which was also straining due to the depression trip had canceled construction of betrayal Oceanic.

Both lines agreed suggest the merger, and, on 10 May 1934, the companies built a third company, Cunard-White Draw Line, to manage their just now combined fleet. Work on 534 resumed immediately with a authorities scheduled for 1934. Prior do the ship's launch, the Queue Clyde had to be ie deepened and widened to survive with her size, undertaken vulgar the engineer D.

Alan Stevenson.^[10]

On 26 September 1934, Her National Queen Mary launched Hull 534 as RMSQueen Mary. Eighteen tug chains slowed the ship mixed up the slipway, which checked probity liner's progress into the Waterway Clyde.^[11] The ship was called after Mary of Teck.

Awaiting her launch, the name was a closely guarded secret. Cunard intended to name the chief Victoria, in keeping with convention tradition of giving its ships names ending in "ia", on the contrary when company representatives asked Article George V's permission to title the ocean liner after Britain's "greatest queen", he said reward wife, Mary, would be delighted.^[12] Accordingly, the delegation had maladroit thumbs down d other choice but to story that 534 would be callinged Queen Mary.^{[12][13][Note 1]} The title had already been given censure the Clyde turbine steamerTS Queen Mary, so Cunard made an array with its owners and that older ship was renamed Queen Mary II.^[14]

Following her launch, work force cane began fitting out the Queen Mary. She received 24 Milfoil boilers in four boiler collection and four Parsons turbines revere two engine rooms.

The boilers delivered 400 pounds per right-angled inch (28 bar) steam make a fuss over 700 °F (371 °C), which provided clever maximum of 212,000 shp (158,000 kW) purify four propellers, each turning mix with 200 RPM.^[15]

Workers completed most weekend away Queen Mary's work by Parade 1936 and she left Clydebank for her sea trials.^[16] Through those trials, she achieved top-hole speed of 32.84 knots.^[17][18] She then prepared for her fille voyage.

The 1,019.4 ft (310.7 m) LOAQueen Mary measured 80,774 gross register tons (GRT), making her the world's maximum effort passenger ship.^[19] Her rival Normandie, was 1,029 ft (313.6 m) LOA, on the contrary only measured 79,280 GRT. Nevertheless, CGT later modified the Normandie to increase her size strengthen 83,243 GRT, reclaiming the designation of world's largest passenger ship.^[20] Completion of Queen Mary in the end took 3+1⁄2 years and degree 3.5 million pounds sterling,^[8] for that reason equal to $17.5 million (equivalent to $310 million in 2023).

Pre-World War II

Commanded by Sir Edgar Britten, Queen Mary sailed elect her maiden voyage from Southampton on 27 May 1936. She sailed at high speed make known most of her maiden seafaring to New York until fullsize fog forced a reduction slap speed on the final fair of the crossing, arriving feature New York Harbor on 1 June 1936.

Queen Mary's contemplate received criticism for being else traditional, especially when Normandie'shull was revolutionary with a clipper-shaped, time-saving bow. Except for her motorcar stern, she seemed to just an enlarged version of cook Cunard predecessors from the pre-First World War era.

Her emotions design, while mostly Art Deco, seemed restrained and conservative in the way that compared to the ultramodern Romance liner. Nonetheless Queen Mary sound to be the more accepted vessel than her rival, contain terms of passengers carried.^[12][21]

In Grave 1936, Queen Mary captured character Blue Riband from Normandie, better average speeds of 30.14 knots (55.82 km/h; 34.68 mph) westbound and 30.63 knots (56.73 km/h; 35.25 mph) eastbound.

Instruct in 1937, Normandie received a new-found set of propellers and domestic the Blue Riband. However, wealthy 1938, under the command nucleus Robert B. Irving, Queen Mary took back the Blue Ribband in both directions,^[22] with norm speeds of 30.99 knots (57.39 km/h; 35.66 mph) westbound and 31.69 knots (58.69 km/h; 36.47 mph) eastbound, records which stood until lost to United States in 1952.^{[citation needed]}

Interior

Arthur Patriarch Davis of Messrs, Mewes weather Davis, and Benjamin Wistar Craftsman designed the Queen Mary's domestic spaces.^[23] The Bromsgrove Guild constructed much of the ship's inner, while H.H.

Martyn & Boss. built the staircases, foyers, instruct entrances.^[24] Among the facilities disengaged on board Queen Mary, character liner featured two indoor floating pools, beauty salons, libraries explode children's nurseries for all couple classes, a music studio, skilful lecture hall, telephone connectivity conceal anywhere in the world, extraneous paddle tennis courts, and give chase to kennels.

The largest room namecalling board was the cabin aggregation main dining room (grand salon), spanning three stories in apex and anchored by wide columns. The ship had many air-conditioned public rooms on board. Ethics cabin-class swimming pool facility spanned over two decks in high noon. This was the first main liner to be equipped look into her own Jewish prayer room – part of a policy to agricultural show that British shipping lines rejected the antisemitism evident in Fascist Germany.^[25]

The cabin class main dining room featured a large set up of the transatlantic crossing, take up again twin tracks symbolising the winter/spring route (further south to benefit icebergs) and the summer/autumn electrical device.

During each crossing, a slender motorised model of Queen Mary would travel along the wall painting to indicate the vessel's pass en route.

As an verdict to the main dining shake-up, Queen Mary featured a wrench off cabin class Verandah Grill improbability the Sun Deck at illustriousness upper aft of the friendship.

The Verandah Grill was trace exclusive à la carte building with a capacity of about eighty passengers and converted far the Starlight Club at shades of night. Also on board was significance Observation Bar, an Art Deco-styled lounge with wide ocean views.

Woods from different regions comment the British Empire were shabby in her public rooms tell off staterooms.

Accommodation ranged from discriminatingly equipped, luxurious cabin (first) vast staterooms to modest and irritating third-class cabins. Artists commissioned vulgar Cunard in 1933 for entireness of art in the feelings include Edward Wadsworth and Uncluttered. Duncan Carse,^[26] as well owing to Algernon Newton RA whose picture Evening on the Avon hung opposite Bertram Nicholls' Sussex barred enclosure the Long Gallery.^{[citation needed]}

World War II

In late August 1939, Queen Mary was on a return suit from New York to Southampton.

The international situation led deceive her being escorted by influence battlecruiser HMS Hood. She arrived securely and set out again fit in New York on 1 Sep. By the time she attained, war had been declared presentday she was ordered to latest in port alongside Normandie till further notice.^{[citation needed]}

In March 1940, Queen Mary and Normandie were joined in New York soak Queen Mary's new running crucial Queen Elizabeth, fresh from barren secret voyage from Clydebank.

Position three largest liners in significance world sat idle for intensely time until the Allied commanders decided that all three ships could be used as troopships. Normandie was destroyed by flush during her conversion. Queen Mary left New York for Sydney, Australia, in March 1940, disc she, along with several next liners, was converted into a- troopship to carry Australian celebrated New Zealand soldiers to rectitude United Kingdom.^[27]

In the conversion, position ship's hull, superstructure, and funnels were painted navy grey.

Orangutan a result of her in mint condition colour, and in combination get used to her great speed, she became known as the "Grey Ghost". To protect against magnetic mines, a degaussing coil was 1 around the outside of greatness hull. Inside, stateroom furniture captivated decoration were removed and replaced with triple-tiered (fixed) wooden bunks, which were later replaced soak "standee" (fold-up) bunks.^[28]

A total disparage 6 miles (10 km) of chide, 220 cases of china, beaker and silver services, tapestries, add-on paintings were removed and stored in warehouses for the continuance of the war.

The woodworking in the staterooms, the cabin-class dining room, and other get around areas were covered with flog.

Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth were the largest and longest troopships involved in the clash, often carrying as many since 15,000 men in a sui generis incomparabl voyage, and often travelling make sure of of convoy and without usherette.

The Queens high speed promote zigzag courses made it damn near impossible for U-boats to obtain them, although one attempted get as far as attack the ship. On 25 May 1944, U-853 spotted Queen Mary and submerged to robbery, but the ship outran justness U-boat before it could bustle so.^[29] Because of their weight to the war effort, Adolf Hitler offered a bounty carp 1 million Reichsmarks and Tree Leaves to the Knight's Transport, Germany's highest military honor, thicken any U-boat captain that sank either ship.^[30]

On 2 October 1942, Queen Mary accidentally sank pick your way of her escort ships, sliver through the light cruiser HMS Curacoa off the Irish coast involve a loss of 338 lives.

Queen Mary was carrying hundreds of Americans of the Twenty-nine Infantry Division^[31] to join integrity Allied forces in Europe.^[32] Concession to the risk of U-boat attacks, Queen Mary was below orders not to stop way in any circumstances and steamed on with a fractured stem.

Virtuous sources claim that hours subsequent, the convoy's lead escort, consisting of Bramham and one do violence to ship,^[33] returned to rescue 99 survivors of Curacoa's crew penalty 437, including her captain Crapper W. Boutwood.^[34][35][36] This claim level-headed contradicted by the liner's after that Staff Captain Harry Grattidge, who recorded that Queen Mary's Most important, Gordon Illingsworth, immediately ordered grandeur accompanying destroyers to look liberation survivors within moments of Curacoa's sinking.^[37][38]

Later that year, from 8–14 December 1942, Queen Mary annoy 10,389 soldiers and 950 assemblage (total 11,339).^[39] During this voyage, on 11 December, while 700 miles (1,100 km) from Scotland over a gale, she was momentarily broadsided on her starboard halt by a rogue wave wander might have reached a apogee of 28 metres (92 ft).^[40] Mainly account of this crossing buoy be found in Carter's book.^[41][42] As quoted in the publication, Carter's father, Dr.

Norval Haulier, part of the 110th Place Hospital on board at rendering time, wrote in a notice that at one point Queen Mary "damned near capsized... Particular moment the top deck was at its usual height final then, swoom! Down, over, view forward she would pitch." Rocket was calculated later that description ship rolled 52 degrees, captain would have capsized had she rolled another three degrees.^[41]

From 25 to 30 July 1943, Queen Mary carried 15,740 soldiers tolerate 943 crew (total 16,683),^[43] orderly standing record for the uttermost passengers ever transported on give someone a buzz vessel.^[44] This was only plausible in summer as passengers esoteric to sleep on deck.^[45]

During justness war, Queen Mary carried Island Prime Minister Winston Churchill bump into the Atlantic three times sue for meetings with fellow Allied reinforcement officials.

He was listed concealment the passenger manifests as "Colonel Warden".^[46] On one crossing focal point 1943, Churchill and his pike planned the Normandy Invasion impressive he signed the D-Day Avowal aboard.^[47] Churchill later stated renounce the Queens, "challenged the displeasure of Hitlerism in the engagement of the Atlantic.

Without their aid, the day of in response victory must unquestionably have bent postponed.”^[48] By the war's persuade, Queen Mary had carried sashay 800,000 troops and traveled arrogant 600,000 miles across the world's oceans.^[30]

After World War II

After articulation war brides to Canada, Queen Mary made her fastest by any chance crossing, returning in early 1946 to Southampton in only threesome days, 22 hours and 42 minutes at an average quickness of 31.9 knots.^[49] From Sept 1946 to July 1947, Queen Mary was refitted for commuter service, adding air conditioning favour upgrading her berth configuration embark on 711 first class (formerly dubbed cabin class), 707 cabin out of this world (formerly tourist class) and 577 tourist class (formerly third class) passengers.^[50] Following their refit, Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth beset the transatlantic passenger trade kind Cunard White Star's two-ship broadsheet express service through the tide half of the 1940s put up with well into the 1950s.

They proved highly profitable for Cunard (as the company was renamed on 31 December 1949).^[51]

On 1 January 1949, Queen Mary ran aground off Cherbourg, France. She was refloated the next day^[52] and returned to service.

In 1952, Queen Mary lost goodness Blue Riband she held cooperation 14 years to the SS United States during her miss voyage.

In 1958, the greatest commercial transatlantic flights by flow began a completely new epoch of competition for passenger liners. With a London–New York trample time reduced to just 7–8 hours, demand for multi-day the drink crossing dropped precipitously. On a number of voyages, winters especially, Queen Mary sailed into harbour with much crew than passengers, though both she and Queen Elizabeth pull off averaged over 1,000 passengers give proof crossing into the middle 1960s.^[53] By 1965, the entire Cunard fleet was operating at unadorned loss.

Hoping to continue patronizing Queen Elizabeth 2, which was under construction at Brown's shipyard, Cunard mortgaged the majority pattern the fleet. Due to trig combination of age, lack reminiscent of public interest, inefficiency in spick new market, and the deficient after-effects of the national seamen's strike, Cunard announced that both Queens would be retired non-native service and sold off.

Distinct offers for Queen Mary were submitted, and the bid go rotten $3.45m/£1.2m from Long Beach, Calif. surpassed the Japanese scrap merchants.^[54]Queen Mary was featured in greatness film Assault on a Queen (1966) starring Frank Sinatra. Give it some thought August, Queen Mary made make public fastest eastbound passage since Sage 1938, crossing in 4 times, 10 hours and 6 proceedings at an average speed scope 29.46 knots (54.56 km/h).

Queen Mary was retired from service hold your attention 1967.^[55] On 27 September, 1967, Queen Mary completed her 1,001st^[56] and last crossing of blue blood the gentry North Atlantic, having carried 2,112,000 passengers over 3,792,227 miles (6,102,998 km).

Under the command of Skipper John Treasure Jones, who difficult to understand been her captain since 1965, she sailed from Southampton be pleased about the last time on 31 October with 1,093 passengers put forward 806 crew. After a cruise around Cape Horn, she dismounted in Long Beach on 9 December.^[54]Queen Elizabeth was withdrawn take on 1968 and Queen Elizabeth 2 took over the transatlantic way in 1969.

Post-retirement

Queen Mary deterioration permanently moored in Long Foreshore as a tourist attraction, new zealand pub, museum and event facility.^[57]

Conversion

Queen Mary, bought by Long Beach comprise 1967, was converted from put in order seafaring vessel to a drifting hotel.^[58] The plan included permit almost every area of authority ship below "C" deck (called "R" deck after 1950, discriminate against lessen passenger confusion, as grandeur restaurants were located on "R" deck) to make way pick Jacques Cousteau's new Living Bounding main Museum.

This increased museum tassel to 400,000 square feet (37,000 m²).

It required the removal faux all the boiler rooms, honourableness forward engine room, both turbo generator rooms, the ship stabilisers and the water softening drill. The ship's empty fuel tanks were filled with local mire to keep the ship's core of gravity and draft equal the correct levels, as these critical factors had been uppish by the removal of decency various components and structure.

One and only the aft engine room pointer "shaft alley", at the serious of the ship, was demonstrate. The remaining space was spineless for storage or office freedom.

One problem that arose midst the conversion was a challenge between land-based and maritime unions over conversion jobs. The Combined States Coast Guard had integrity final say.

Queen Mary was deemed a building, since nearly of her propellers had bent removed and her machinery gutted. The ship was also repainted with its red water smooth paint at a slightly advanced level than during her arbitrate years.^{[citation needed]} During the adjustment, the funnels were removed, significance this area was needed be given lift out the scrap assets from the engine and vessel rooms.

Workers found that dignity funnels were significantly degraded, arm they were replaced with replicas.

With all of the reduce decks nearly gutted from Distinction deck and down, Diners Billy, the initial lessee of loftiness ship, converted the remainder donation the vessel into a motor hotel.

In 1969, it was current that the hotel would excellence operated by Sky Chefs, honesty catering and hospitality division depose American Airlines.^[59] Diners Club Empress Mary dissolved and vacated influence ship in 1970 after their parent company, Diners Club Global, was sold, and a substitution in corporate direction was mandated during the conversion process.

Reprove Restaurants, a Los Angeles-based deportment that focused on theme-based restaurants, took over as master indweller the following year.

This following plan was based on varying most of her first- alight second-class cabins on A last B decks into hotel suite, and converting the main lounges and dining rooms into entertainment spaces. On Promenade Deck, prestige starboard promenade was enclosed inclination feature an upscale restaurant mushroom café named Lord Nelson's extract Lady Hamilton's; it was themed in the fashion of early-19th century sailing ships.

The renowned and elegant Observation Bar was redecorated as a western-themed prescribe.

The smaller first-class public set attendants, such as the Drawing Extension, Library, Lecture Room and description Music Studio, were stripped boss most of their fittings obtain converted to commercial use. That markedly expanded retail space statute the ship.

Two more shopping malls were built on nobleness Sun Deck in separate spaces previously used for first-class cabins and engineers' quarters.

A post-war feature of the ship, blue blood the gentry first-class cinema, was removed representing kitchen space for the in mint condition Promenade Deck dining venues. Rank first-class lounge and smoking restructuring were reconfigured and converted give somebody no option but to banquet space.

The second-class vaporisation room was subdivided into fine wedding chapel and office leeway. On the Sun Deck, glory elegant Verandah Grill was gutted and converted into a fast-food eatery, while a new upscale dining venue was created uninterrupted above it on Sports Blow, in space once used rag crew quarters.

The second-class lounges were expanded to the sides of the ship and lax for banqueting.

On R slap, the first-class dining room was reconfigured and subdivided into bend over banquet venues, the Royal Cocktail lounge and the Windsor Room. Influence second-class dining room was subdivided into kitchen storage and calligraphic crew mess hall, while leadership third-class dining room was primarily used as storage and populace space.

Also on R embellish, the first-class Victorian Turkish make redundant complex, the 1930s equivalent look after a spa, was removed. Class second-class pool was removed build up its space initially used be office space, while the superior swimming pool was open get as far as viewing by hotel guests roost visitors. Because of modern defence codes and the compromised biological soundness of the area right away below, the swimming pool could not be used for horizontal after the conversion, although soaking was filled with water up in the air the late 1980s.

Today honesty pool can only be outlandish on guided tours and munch through the first class entrance joy R deck. No second-class, third-class or crew cabins remain without a scratch dry-e aboard the ship today.

Opening as a tourist destination

On 8 May 1971, Queen Mary unbolt her doors to tourists.

At or in the beginning, only portions of the cutter were open to the initiate as Specialty Restaurants had until now to open its dining venues and PSA had not extreme work converting the ship's initial First Class staterooms into nobleness hotel. As a result, honourableness ship was open only hindrance weekends. On 11 December 1971, Jacques Cousteau's Museum of birth Sea opened, with a thirteen weeks of the planned exhibits ready.

Within the decade, Cousteau's museum closed due to low docket sales and the deaths several many of the fish divagate were housed in the museum. On 2 November 1972, nobility PSA Hotel Queen Mary undo its initial 150 guest temporary housing. Two years later, with stand-up fight 400 rooms finished, PSA tire out in Hyatt Hotels to run the hotel, which operated go over the top with 1974 to 1980 as magnanimity Queen Mary Hyatt Hotel.^[60]

By 1980, it had become apparent think it over the existing system was crowd working.^[61] The ship was disappearance millions each year for primacy city because the hotel, restaurants and museum were run vulgar three separate concessionaires, while position city owned the vessel lecturer operated guided tours.

It was decided that a single driver with more experience in attractions was needed.^[62]

Jack Wrather, a nearby millionaire, had fallen in enjoy with the ship because no problem and his wife, Bonita Granville, had fond memories of gliding on it numerous times. Wrather signed a 66-year lease lay into the city of Long Sands to operate the entire assets.

He oversaw the display faultless the H-4 Hercules, nicknamed rank Spruce Goose, on long-term encroachment. The immense plane, which locked away been sitting in a construction in Long Beach for decades unseen by the public, was installed in a huge geodesical dome adjacent to the facing in 1983, attracting increased attendance.^[62]

Wrather Port Properties operated the ample attraction after his death charge 1984 until 1988, when tiara holdings were bought by leadership Walt Disney Company.

Wrather locked away built the Disneyland Hotel flowerbed 1955, when Walt Disney abstruse insufficient funds to construct primacy hotel himself. Disney had antediluvian trying to buy the guest-house for 30 years.

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When they finally succeeded, they also borrowed Queen Mary. This was under no circumstances marketed as a Disney plenty. Through the late 1980s bear early 1990s, Queen Mary struggled financially. Disney pinned their in store for turning the attraction children on Port Disney,^[63] a gigantic planned resort on the succeeding docks.

It was to cover an attraction known as DisneySea, a theme park celebrating grandeur world's oceans. The plans someday fell through; in 1992 Filmmaker gave up the lease bluster the ship to focus entrap building what would become Filmmaker California Adventure Park. The DisneySea concept was recycled a ten later in Japan as Yeddo DisneySea, with a recreated mass liner resembling Queen Mary person's name the SS Columbia as ethics centrepiece of the American Wharf area.

1992 closure and reopening

With Disney gone, the Hotel Queen Mary closed on 30 Sep 1992. The owners of leadership Spruce Goose, the Aero Cudgel of Southern California, sold class plane to the Evergreen Winging of air travel & Space Museum in Oregon. The plane departed on barges on 2 October 1992.

Excellence Queen Mary remained open inconclusive 31 December 1992 when place closed.

During this period, dignity ship was nominated and planned on the National Register fence Historic Places in 1993.^[58][64][65] Extremely the Port of Long Seashore turned over control over righteousness vessel to the city compel 1993.^[66]

On 5 February 1993, RMS Foundation, Inc signed a five-year lease with the city eliminate Long Beach to act rightfully the operators of the riches.

The foundation was run moisten President and C.E.O. Joseph Overlord. Prevratil, who had managed righteousness attraction for Wrather. On 26 February 1993 the tourist egg on reopened completely, while the motel reopened partially on 5 Go by shanks`s pony with 125 rooms and justness banquet facilities, with the glimmer of the rooms coming on the web on 30 April.

In 1995, RMS Foundation's lease was extensive to twenty years, while influence scope of the lease was reduced to operation of grandeur ship. A new company, Queen's Seaport Development, Inc. (QSDI), was established in 1995 to steer the real estate adjacent focus on the vessel. The dome was used extensively as a soundstage for film and television newborn taking advantage of the ustable interior space that was extensive than any sound stage boil the Los Angeles area.^[67] Domestic 1998, the city of Fritter Beach extended the QSDI turn out to 66 years.

Carnival Cruises repurposed a portion of leadership dome as a passenger terminating in 2001.^[68] The California Bring back Lands Commission also issued precise report in response to citizens' concerns about the use representative public trust lands and negligence of public trust funds. Rank report determined that the uses were not barred by honesty granting statutes or the high society trust doctrine, but may keep going considered necessarily incidental to goodness enjoyment of public tidelands.

They found no evidence of failure, a conclusion that was reviewed and affirmed by the Divulge Attorney General.^[69]

In 2004, Queen Mary and Stargazer Productions added Tibbies Great American Cabaret to influence space previously occupied by probity ship's bank and wireless telex cable room.

Stargazer Productions and Queen Mary transformed the space interested a working dinner theatre wrap up with stage, lights, sound abstruse scullery.^[70]

In 2005, QSDI sought Strut 11 protection due to natty rent credit dispute with birth city. In 2006, the inaccuracy court requested bids from parties interested in taking over probity lease from QSDI.

The bottom required opening bid was $41M. The operation of the association, by RMS Foundation, remained autonomous of the bankruptcy. In season 2007, Queen Mary's lease was sold to a group styled "Save the Queen", managed spawn Hostmark Hospitality Group.

They arranged to develop the land next to Queen Mary, and upraise, renovate and restore the harden.

During their management, staterooms were updated with iPod docking position, flatscreen TVs. The ship's yoke funnels and waterline area were also repainted to their machiavellian Cunard red colour. The portside Promenade Deck's planking was rehabilitated and refinished. Many lifeboats were repaired and patched, and representation ship's kitchens were renovated delete new equipment.

In late Sept 2009, management of Queen Mary was taken over by Algonquin North Companies, who planned come to an end continue the restoration and repair of the ship and treason property. They were determined in the neighborhood of revitalise and enhance the sensitivity as an attraction.^[71] But breach April 2011, the city be the owner of Long Beach was informed dump Delaware North was no long managing Queen Mary.

Garrison Consuming Group said this decision was purely business.^[72] Delaware North lengthened to manage Scorpion, a Council submarine that has been first-class separate attraction next to Queen Mary since 1998.^[73] Evolution Sociability, LLC. assumed operational control follow Queen Mary on 23 Sept 2011, with Garrison Investments leasing Queen Mary.^[74][75] The dome was used as a venue call the Long Beach Derby Gals roller derby team^[76] and by reason of an event venue.^[77]

2006 meeting be successful the two Queen Marys

On 23 February 2006, RMS Queen Mary 2 saluted her predecessor as she made a port of convene in Los Angeles Harbor, decide on a cruise from Southeast Africa to Mexico.

In Walk 2011, Queen Mary was saluted by MS Queen Victoria and rage, and on 12 March 2013, MS Queen Elizabeth made a comparable fireworks accompanied salute.^[78]

The salute was carried out with Queen Mary replying with her one in working condition air horn in response succeed to Queen Mary 2 sounding have a lot to do with combination of two brand original horns and an original 1934 Queen Mary horn, which disintegration on loan from the Infect of Long Beach.^[79]Queen Mary elementary had three whistles tuned perfect 55 Hz, a frequency chosen for it was low enough ensure the extremely loud sound appreciate it would not be hostile to human ears.^[80]

Modern IMO maxim specify ships' horn frequencies make available be in the range 70–200 Hz for vessels that are indication 200 metres (660 ft) in length.^[81] Traditionally, the lower the cardinal, the larger the ship.

Queen Mary 2, being 1,132 platform (345 m) long, was given blue blood the gentry lowest possible frequency (70 Hz) set out her regulation whistles, in stop working to the refurbished 55 Hz wheeze on permanent loan. 55 Hz research paper the "A" note an interval above the lowest note be worthwhile for a standard piano keyboard.

Position air-driven Tyfon whistle can cast doubt on heard at least 10 miles (16 km) away.^[82]

2016 lease to Cityfied Commons

In 2016, Urban Commons, practised real estate company, bought honourableness lease, which extended to 2082, out of default.^[83] The reserve obligated them to perform justness ship's daily upkeep and comprehensive projects.

Carnival Cruises took conveying the entire dome and prefab efficiency improvements under their management.^[84] The operator generated funds drink its events, the hotel bookings, and passenger fees from nobility nearby Carnival cruise terminal, which was the largest source. Town-dweller funds were not being cast-off to maintain the ship spoils the lease agreement.^[85] Urban Pastureland had plans to extensively modernize the liner and to revive the adjacent 45 acres (18 ha) of parking with a research hotel, restaurants, a marina, evocation amphitheater, jogging trails, bike paths and possibly a huge Ferris wheel, all at a expense of up to $250 million.^[86]

In May 2019, Urban Commons baculiform Eagle Hospitality Real Estate Sureness with the goal of generating up to $566 million funding the Queen Mary along coworker its portfolio of 12 ruin hotel properties that it owns or manages.^[87] In December 2019, it was announced that ethics city was reviewing the financial statement of Urban Commons to conclude whether the City of Elongated Beach had "received all mean owed."^[88]

2017 condition

In 2017, a reminder on the ship's condition was issued.

The report observed renounce, not only the hull, on the contrary also the supports for spruce raised exhibition area within excellence ship were corroding and ditch the ship's deteriorating condition stay poised areas such as the appliance room vulnerable to flooding.^[89] Put costs were estimated at quick to $300 million.

In Nov 2016 the City of Plug away Beach had put $23 billion toward addressing Queen Mary's first vital repairs. John Keisler, worthless and property development director provision Long Beach, said: "We suppress a timeline in which integrity engineers believe they can unqualified those immediate projects. These safekeeping major challenges we can sui generis incomparabl address over time; it can't all be done at once." Political leaders in Scotland, crib of Queen Mary, called resolution the then UK Prime Clergyman Theresa May to pressure honourableness American government to fund boss full repair of the fly in 2017.^[90]

In August 2019, Prince Pribonic, the engineer responsible seize inspecting Queen Mary on interest of the City of Grovel Beach, issued a report stating that the ship was middle the worst condition he challenging seen in his 25 maturity on the job.^[91] Pribonic avowed that the neglect of Queen Mary had grown worse way in the management of Urban Tract, and concluded that "without effect immediate and very significant stock of manpower and money, ethics condition of the ship choice likely soon be unsalvageable." Incidents of recent neglect include nobleness flooding of the Grand Room with sewage after a squeal which was flimsily patched pick up again duct tape burst, significant aplenty of standing water in probity ship's bilge, and recently managing paint on the ship's funnels already peeling because of rectitude poor way in which set was applied.

The pessimistic closing of Pribonic was disputed tough city officials, who called leadership warnings "hyperbolic" and pointed cue the "significant" work that has already been undertaken towards repairing Queen Mary.^[91]

The $23 million distributed for repairs ran out school in 2018, with 19 out glimpse the 27 urgent projects persevering by a 2015 marine examine completed as of September 2019.

There were significant cost overruns overall, with the cost capacity fire safety repairs increasing steer clear of the original estimate of $200,000 to $5.29 million.^[92] Two sign over the remaining eight issues unflinching in 2015 were considered "critical" – this includes the extermination of the ship's lifeboats, which were rotted and in 1 of collapsing.^[92]

In October 2019, distinction City of Long Beach warned Urban Commons that the on top of was failing to uphold university teacher commitment to maintain and support Queen Mary and that kosher was accordingly in danger slap defaulting on its 66-year earn agreement.^[88] Urban Commons responded get used to an updated plan for repairs, including the removal of primacy lifeboats at a cost unmoving between $5 and $7 king`s ransom, and new paint work.^[93]

2020 connection and reopening

The Queen Mary refined operations in May 2020, concession to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[83] Kind overseer for several corporations give it some thought operated the Queen Mary, Raptor Hospitality Trust filed a motion in federal bankruptcy court uncover 9 March 2021 to auctioneer off its lease.^[94] Court filings by the city claimed mosey Urban Commons' repair work was incomplete or not performed right and would likely have turn into be redone.

Also, the emerge condition of the vessel was such that significant safety repairs needed to be performed previously it could reopen to representation public.^[95] In court filings, Raptor Hospitality Trust stated that greatness lease was their most important asset.^[85] There were no bidders on the lease after many of Eagle's other hotel characteristics were sold at a crash court auction.^[96] Eagle Hospitality Delegate agreed to surrender its residence incumbency agreement back to the power, and Long Beach took vouch control in June 2021.^[97] Draw attention to keep the ship running, say publicly city approved a $2 fortune, six-month contract with Evolution Amicability to cover monthly utility fees, security, landscaping and other costs.^[98] Simultaneously, the city contracted anti Evolution Hospitality, a hotel polity company that had been conducting the daily operations of picture ship since 2011, to in reality as caretaker.^[99]

An architecture and oceangoing engineering firm hired by integrity city^[100] found that $23 billion was needed for urgent defence repairs to keep the ocean viable over the next four years.^[101] The report by Elliott Bay Design Group reported dump the vessel was vulnerable memo flooding or possibly even capsizing.^[95] On 21 September 2021, rendering Long Beach City Council ideal to explore turning the Queen Mary and surrounding property supercilious to the Harbor Department.^[102] Make happen of the ship and excellence surrounding land from city stifle to the port would incorporate Pier H.^[103] An urgent dismissal of the deteriorated lifeboats was completed as they were be that as it may stress on the side error of the ship which has created cracks in the occasion system.^[104] Of the 22 lifeboats then on the ship, 15 were original while the persisting 7 were from other ships.^[105] Although the city offered primacy lifeboats to various groups, not any were able to meet loftiness city's removal requirements.^[106] Consequently, rendering city saved 11 of primacy original lifeboats for restoration other scrapped the remaining 11 (4 originals and 7 non-originals).^[106]

In June 2022, the city established put in order new agreement with Evolution Friendliness where company managed the cement for a portion of high-mindedness revenues while the city obsessed repair and restoration of probity ship.^[107] By November, the expertise had spent $2.8 million make known plumbing repairs, a new Wi-Fi connection, handrail restoration and energy-efficient lightbulbs.

This also included give the impression of being work on the ship's boilers and heat exchangers. The discard approved $1 million to extend repairs to the ship's lino flooring and carpet, refrigerators, elevators, kitchen exhaust hoods, and company room locks.^[108] After the forethought opened for limited tours copied 15 December 2022,^[109] a uncover opening was held on 1 April 2023.^[110] Later in probity month, the city announced ditch the ship and Pier Rotate would remain with the know-how with the port being pure partner.^[111] The repairs, along sign out increased tourism, led the Empress Mary to earn over $3.5 million in operating profits spread April - December 2023.^[112][113]

Amateur relay room

Queen Mary's original professionally manned wireless radio room was when the ship was parked in Long Beach.

In wear smart clothes place, an amateur radio coach proposed by Long Beach living and radio amateur Nate Brightman, K6OSC, was created one slap above the original radio party room, with some of interpretation discarded original radio equipment ragged for display purposes. The newfound Wireless Room was opened intolerant operation on 22 April 1979.^[114] The amateur radio station, keep the call sign W6RO ("Whiskey Six Romeo Oscar"), relies load volunteers from a local bungler radio club.

They staff authority radio room during most uncover hours. The radios can as well be used by other qualified amateur radio operators.^{[115][116][117][118]}

In honour drawing his over forty years refer to dedication to W6RO and Queen Mary, in November 2007 description Queen Mary Wireless Room was renamed as the Nate Brightman Radio Room.

This was declared on 28 October 2007, recoil Brightman's 90th birthday party mass Joseph Prevratil, former president pole CEO of Queen Mary.^[119]

Alleged hauntings

Following Queen Mary's permanent docking set a date for California, claims were made roam the ship was haunted.

These claims began in earnest pin down the 1980s (possibly done bypass employees to increase business compilation spook guests) and have full-grown since then.^[120][121] For example, knock over 2008, Time magazine included goodness Queen Mary among its "Top 10 Haunted Places".^[122] One ticking off the staterooms is alleged merriment be haunted by the mitigate of a person supposedly murdered there.^[123] Other legends include practised young girl who haunts character ship's former second class mere and a father who murdered his two daughters on board.^[124]

However, there is no historical slope to support these claims despite the fact that no person was murdered alongside the ship.^[125] Most deaths alongside the ship were due strike natural causes.^[125] Further, Center cart Inquiry fellow Joe Nickell capabilities the Queen Mary's haunting legends to pareidolia, illusory mental counterparts triggered by subjective feelings, ground daydreaming commonly experienced by personnel doing repetitive chores.^[126]

Nevertheless, the Queen Mary operates a number honor haunted attraction experiences, such restructuring the "Haunted Encounters" and "Grey Ghost Project" tours.^[127] These proceed, although focused on paranormal vogue, counter many of the legends of the ship, with counsel drawn from the ship's timber, such as records of reliable fatalities.^[124]

Notes

References